Bermuda Triangle

Posted in | Jumat, 29 Januari 2010
Bermuda Triangle Secret

Dozens of planes and ships are listed as missing in the Bermuda Triangle without a trace during the year unknown. Aircraft Star Tiger, without cause - for a clear and without sending any signal, suddenly disappeared on January 30, 1948, on his way to Bermuda with 31 passengers. Another incident on December 28, 1948, a DC-3 aircraft with 35 passengers flying from the waters above Poertorico missing Bermuda Triangle.
On January 17, 1949 Area Star aircraft, from the direction of Bermuda to Jamaica just disappear swallowed by the earth without a trace.
Bermuda term derived from the name of the seventh month of the Egyptian calendar, which is Naisan. In that farmers plant and harvest sugar cane dates. The term was later used to refer to imaginative triangle located in the Atlantic Ocean. Bermuda Triangle has an area of about 770,000 km2 and consists of group of islands - islands which number 350 islands.
Peak imaginative Bermuda, in the north of the island of Bermuda there, there tenggaranya corner Poerterico island, which is the U.S. military headquarters. Inhabitants speak Spanish and English the official language. The capital of San Juan. While western corner is located in Miami, Florida.
A specialist event - a mysterious event called Vincent Cadys marine, said that the Bermuda Triangle area is very dangerous to shipping and aviation. Approximately 100 aircraft and ships lost in this area and the victim reached more than 1000 people. Most of the mysterious events that occurred in 1945.
Then, Charles Berlins, Bermuda Triangle author of the book describes at length in his book about the loss of French ships passing through Rousalie this area in 1940. The engine is still good and its cargo was not disturbed, but the ship is not empty or manned berpenumpang. Another incident is the loss of a large freighter named Anita's USA with a cargo of 20,000 tons on March 23, 1973.
The most horrible event dubbed "Atlantic Cemetery" on the Bermuda Triangle is a calamity that had befallen the expedition-19 squadron to the United States. On Thursday, January 1945, five aircraft types Finger TTB30 departing from his base in Port Louderdidle in the Florida, USA. Fifth plane with its crew disappeared under mysterious fog without leaving a trace in the Bermuda Triangle.
What is even more remarkable efforts of scholars in solving the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle, that area there dinterpretasikan electromagnetic events - events such as the repetition of the interface back events - events that once occurred in the area because of the passage of time (time tannel). So the plane and the missing ships were still alive but was in place and another time.
Other responses about the Bermuda Triangle is a regional center of the kingdom was the devil and Satan followers - followers to control human activities in order to influence the error, according to his promise to the prophet before Adam to be decadent descendants of Adam.
Until Masalembo Bermuda Triangle
Air bag is a room with air flowing at high speed.

Bermuda Triangle mystery is identical with the phenomenon of loss of aircraft or ships passing in the region. Object weighing hundreds or even thousands of tons can suddenly disappear as if the earth swallowed up in the region across Miami-Bermuda-Puerto Rico is.

Bermuda Triangle phenomenon occurs because of the natural phenomenon known as pocket water (air bag) or a water hole. This pocket water is now also mentioned the answer to the cause of the accident siurnya intersection that makes Adam Air plane that crashed in Sulawesi region Monday (1 / 1).

Many parties expressed a variety of reasons different to the fate of the plane that no one has found this existence. Starting from the weather disturbance, the pilot negligence, sabotage, to natural phenomena of the air bag or pocket water.

Is an expert in aviation law, who delivered Thursday Martono this possibility. Told reporters in Jakarta, Tuesday (2 / 1), there is a possibility Martono said Adam Air plane went down due to the air bag area. Because the location of the plane's disappearance was in the area of air bag point.

Martono explained that the air bag is a room with air flowing at high speed. Usually''pocket water points are located in the mountains surrounding the area,''he explained. If on top of this pocket water areas of aircraft crossed with a low altitude, he explained, this plane could have been suddenly sucked under the earth, or just hit flew upward.

In the waters around Masalembo, South Sulawesi can be said as a Bermuda-style area of Indonesia because of the swirling waters. This Round''where his run, we do not know,''he said.

This phenomenon which could explain why Martono driven aircraft pilot captain this Widodo Agustian Revri suddenly plummeted from a height of 35 thousand feet to 8 thousand feet. According Martono, pocket water phenomenon itself can not explain its origins. ''Like other natural phenomena, water pocket is also a natural phenomenon difficult to explain,''he said.

Martono explain this natural phenomenon is rarely caused the crash victims. However, he continued, accidents can happen if the appeal of this pocket of water due to unusually large. ''If the added attraction of a low altitude, the accident could have happened,''he explained.

But so far unwilling Martono stated that the loss of Adam Air in Sulawesi pocket caused by the water. ''Not like that, what I have to say is a possibility that could Adam Air plane went down because the phenomenon of water pocket,''he said. Because of that, he was reluctant to predict how likely the crash was due to an orange body this natural phenomenon.

There's no scientific explanation
In addition to its pocket water phenomenon, Martono explain Indonesia has some dangerous point for the flight. One of them is Masalembo waters in South Sulawesi, and the Gulf Bayur in West Sumatra. But natural phenomena Martono confirmed in these two different locations with natural phenomena to be possible causes of the crash of Adam Air is air pocket.

Special Masalembo waters, he said, this location had swallowed three aircraft which disappeared msiterius. Until now the fate of the missing third plane, respectively in the year 1961 can not yet discovered its existence. Therefore, Martono call this area as his Bermuda Triangle Indonesia due to the mysterious disappearance of a plane incident in this place.

Called''like that, because like the Bermuda Triangle, the phenomenon of loss of aircraft in these waters can not be explained scientifically, but it happened,''he said. Like the Bermuda Triangle, the phenomenon of loss of three aircraft in the waters Masalembo can not be explained scientifically. Moreover, until now ill-fated plane just disappeared as if swallowed by the earth.

He added that the risk of accidents, should be in January and February are not held in the shipping and aviation specific locations which are likely to pocket water. Because in these months the weather conditions worsen the natural conditions when sailing or flying. ''But, unfortunately there was considered unusual because it becomes a routine thing,''he said.

According to flight data safe spot just crash when the plane was in the air. Although''never happened, but the percentage could be ignored,''he said Thursday. In fact, the highest possible accidents at the airport. When the possibility of an accident 100 percent. While the take-off likely much lower, only 13 percent to 19 percent.

The plane is in the quiet spot while in the air. Then the possibility of accidents back up when going down, which is 81 percent to 87 percent. We had landed there was still the possibility of accidents by 1 percent. ''It's never happened in the Canary Islands when the aircraft has landed even a collision with another aircraft at the end of the runway and killed more than 500 passengers,''said Martono.
(uli / ria = republika.co.id)
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Mystery Of UFO

Posted in | Senin, 11 Januari 2010




Area 51 UFO Mysteries Revealed 
 
INILAH.COM, Jakarta After decades of a mystery, Area 51 finally opened. Five former employees revealed activity in the super-secret facility, including storage and re-creation aliens UFO aircraft.

Area 51 is the most famous military institutions in the world but being the most difficult to track. If Area 51 is real, the facility was likely to be at 100 miles outside Las Vegas in the Nevada desert, coupled with the air force base and where the underground nuclear tests.

Location for the conspiracy theorists as areas for engineers reassemble the Pentagon in the fall re-UFO. In addition, where the Extra Terrestrial (ET) or a strange creature frozen.

In 2001 the show Katie Couric found 7% of Americans do not believe that the country had actually landed on the moon. Photographs which revealed to the public votes made in the engineering and the Nevada desert. But even concerning Area 51 is considered real, including photos can be seen by satellite with Google Earth.

New York Times finally managed to make a report on Area 51 on the recognition of five ex-employees. Col. Hugh Slater, the commander of the headquarters 87 Area 51 in 1960's era. Edward Lovick 90 years is an expert who for 30 years to test the radar for famous aircraft, including U-2, A-12 OXCART and F-117.

While Kenneth Collins is 80 CIA aircraft test pilot. Thornton Barnes 72 years and 77 years old Harry Martin is a special project engineer Area 51. Also the person responsible for developing the spacecraft and a half million gallons of fuel monthly supply for spy plane.

Collins had the most secret aircraft flying out of the 51 area code OXCART name. The aircraft was built by Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. When flying over Utah plane began to twist and fall to earth. He is survived by a chair thrower. After 46 years of the new Collins asked to look back on the plane that fell in 2008.

The Lovick whereas physicists who developed stealth technology. He said the facility was not always referred to as Area 51. His boss, legendary plane maker Clarence L Johnson called the facility as Paradise Ranch for people who want to leave their families and live in the Nevada desert a fierce fight for the state of science and evil.

Then if there are UFOs at Area 51? Over the years the mystery of Area 51 employees taken to the grave. But recognition Collins, Lovick, Slater, Barnes and Martin seemed to disappoint the conspiracy theorist.

Myths about re-assembling the plane fell UFO, Barnes enlightening. "We do a lot of rebuilding beyond the technology, including the Soviet jet fighter MiG," he said. Jelasjelas MiGs did not look like a UFO.

Then the emergence of similar aircraft flying saucers from? OXCART very strange shapes, thick and similar dishes. Such forms as designed to carry fuel in large quantities.

Commercial airline pilots who leech on the Nevada will see a OXCART titanium clad body will reflect sunlight. Especially with kamampuan moving fast like a bullet, do not be surprised if would expect a flying saucer.
UFO in Russia the fall of 1969 REVEALED!


Many people already know about the 1947 Roswell, an incident that is believed by many to be a UFO crash in Roswell, New Mexico. And now, confidential information about the fall of UFOs in Russia in 1969 began to unfold.




Some time ago, a video called alien autopsy surface. In the tape is that the autopsied aliens from Roswell. But then it emerged that the video recording is a brilliant work of an artist named Ray Santilli. So when other autopsy records appear, the public more cautious response. Similarly, with this record.

The fall of UFOs in Russia in 1969 is a case originating from the so-called "Secret KGB Files", a type of his X-FILE Americans. Information about the fall of this UFO-called leaked from a person who has to smuggle out information when the Soviet Union dissolved state. It is said that information pennyelundup paid $ 10,000 in order to take him out of the KGB archives. This information was first shown publicly in the TNT TV show on September 13, 1998 with the title "The Secret UFO Files of the KGB". The event featured a video and photographs of the excavation of the plane and UFO alien autopsy on the body.




According to the secret files, the incident occurred in the city that used to Sverdlovsky Soviet era called Yekaterinburg. First reported a loud crash in March 1969. Then immediately secured the scene by the Russian military and the body of a dead alien found in the plane. Plane and the remains of the alien immediately taken to a secret location. and the body was autopsied immediately. The process of excavation and the autopsy was immortalized by the camera images and video cameras. Process autopsy showed only the abdomen and arms from the body. Judging from the size of the stomach and arm, confirmed the small aliens.




The researchers are investigating a video recording excavations find things that may confirm the authenticity of the recording. For example, a military officer's uniform which is used exactly like those used by military personnel in 1969. Terihat truck on the recording is the model year 1950 Circa ZIS151 model that had long been used by military personnel. If the tape is a hoax or a scam, then the fraud would be difficult to find these trucks as a means of deception. All the elements seen in the tape look natural as the movement of military personnel, the timing of the film and the UFO aircraft itself.

Several other documents also even confirm the occurrence of the event. An eyewitness could swear that the event actually happens. And one other evidence is, at the autopsy records, see the personnel who wear hats and dress a certain type of clothing that proved to be a common medicine that year.

 

The room used to look normal autopsy without any decor that means. 3 men aged between 20 and 30 years were doing the autopsy and a woman was noted that the autopsy process. The woman was identified as KGB stenographer OA named Pshonikina. Stomach and the alien's arm placed on the table and beside a document that supports the autopsy process.
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GALAXY

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History Of Galaxy Classification


During the 18th and 19th centuries, Sir William Herschel and his son Sir John Herschel both observed that 'nebulae' came in a range of different shapes and sizes. Sir Wiliam attempted a classification based on brightness, form and size. Nebulae were either:
Bright, faint, very faint, small (with definite borders) or exceedingly large.
Sir John Herschel extended this classification system, making a clear distinction between galactic nebulae (what we now refer to as nebulae) and non-galactic nebulae (now referred to as galaxies).

As photography and spectroscopy improved the standard of observations, further classifications were attempted. In 1919, Curtis considered all nebulae to be either planetary, diffuse or spirals (at that time, less than 10% of photographed nebulae showed any spiral structure. Due to the great distances of the galaxies, it would have been difficult to resolve any spiral structure).

In the early 1920s, Edwin Hubble made observations of non-galactic nebulae with the 100-inch telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, USA. Non-galactic did not mean the same as extragalactic - it only referred to nebulae that were away from the galactic plane (where most of the planetary and diffuse nebulae were seen). In 1925, Hubble reported that individual stars had been seen in M31 and M33, including novae and Cepheid variable stars. This led to the realisation that these objects were in fact collections of stars beyond the Milky Way. These remote stellar systems were galaxies. The term nebula now refers exclusively to galactic objects such as the gaseous clouds where stars are born (emission and reflection nebula) and the planetary nebulae produced by low to intermediate mass stars during the later stages of their lives.

The 'tuning fork' diagram was introduced by Hubble in 1925 as means of classifying extra-galactic nebulae as either elliptical (from circular to lenticular), spiral or barred spiral (in both cases, classed according to the size of the bulge and the amount of winding of the spiral arms);. The terms 'early' and 'late' (see galaxy types) are sometimes used to indicate which end of the tuning fork a galaxy is found (left=early, right=late), as Hubble thought his classification might indicate an evolutionary sequence. The tuning fork is no longer considered an evolutionary sequence, and these terms are now used only for historical reasons.

tuningfork.jpg
The Hubble "tuning fork" diagram used to classify galaxy types.
The modern classification of galaxies distinguishes between ellipticals, spirals, barred spirals and irregular galaxies. Spirals are further classified according to their luminosity class using a system introduced by van den Bergh in 1960. 

Solar system

Our solar system consists of an average star we call the Sun, the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. It includes: the satellites of the planets; numerous comets, asteroids, and meteoroids; and the interplanetary medium. The Sun is the richest source of electromagnetic energy (mostly in the form of heat and light) in the solar system. The Sun's nearest known stellar neighbor is a red dwarf star called Proxima Centauri, at a distance of 4.3 light years away. The whole solar system, together with the local stars visible on a clear night, orbits the center of our home galaxy, a spiral disk of 200 billion stars we call the Milky Way. The Milky Way has two small galaxies orbiting it nearby, which are visible from the southern hemisphere. They are called the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Small Magellanic Cloud. The nearest large galaxy is the Andromeda Galaxy. It is a spiral galaxy like the Milky Way but is 4 times as massive and is 2 million light years away. Our galaxy, one of billions of galaxies known, is traveling through intergalactic space.
The planets, most of the satellites of the planets and the asteroids revolve around the Sun in the same direction, in nearly circular orbits. When looking down from above the Sun's north pole, the planets orbit in a counter-clockwise direction. The planets orbit the Sun in or near the same plane, called the ecliptic. Pluto is a special case in that its orbit is the most highly inclined (18 degrees) and the most highly elliptical of all the planets. Because of this, for part of its orbit, Pluto is closer to the Sun than is Neptune. The axis of rotation for most of the planets is nearly perpendicular to the ecliptic. The exceptions are Uranus and Pluto, which are tipped on their sides.

Composition Of The Solar System

The Sun contains 99.85% of all the matter in the Solar System. The planets, which condensed out of the same disk of material that formed the Sun, contain only 0.135% of the mass of the solar system. Jupiter contains more than twice the matter of all the other planets combined. Satellites of the planets, comets, asteroids, meteoroids, and the interplanetary medium constitute the remaining 0.015%. The following table is a list of the mass distribution within our Solar System.
  • Sun: 99.85%
  • Planets: 0.135%
  • Comets: 0.01% ?
  • Satellites: 0.00005%
  • Minor Planets: 0.0000002% ?
  • Meteoroids: 0.0000001% ?
  • Interplanetary Medium: 0.0000001% ?

Interplanetary Space

Nearly all the solar system by volume appears to be an empty void. Far from being nothingness, this vacuum of "space" comprises the interplanetary medium. It includes various forms of energy and at least two material components: interplanetary dust and interplanetary gas. Interplanetary dust consists of microscopic solid particles. Interplanetary gas is a tenuous flow of gas and charged particles, mostly protons and electrons -- plasma -- which stream from the Sun, called the solar wind.

Solar wind diagram
The solar wind can be measured by spacecraft, and it has a large effect on comet tails. It also has a measurable effect on the motion of spacecraft. The speed of the solar wind is about 400 kilometers (250 miles) per second in the vicinity of Earth's orbit. The point at which the solar wind meets the interstellar medium, which is the "solar" wind from other stars, is called the heliopause. It is a boundary theorized to be roughly circular or teardrop-shaped, marking the edge of the Sun's influence perhaps 100 AU from the Sun. The space within the boundary of the heliopause, containing the Sun and solar system, is referred to as the heliosphere.
The solar magnetic field extends outward into interplanetary space; it can be measured on Earth and by spacecraft. The solar magnetic field is the dominating magnetic field throughout the interplanetary regions of the solar system, except in the immediate environment of planets which have their own magnetic fields.

Terrestrial Planets The Terrestrial Planets

The terrestrial planets are the four innermost planets in the solar system, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. They are called terrestrial because they have a compact, rocky surface like the Earth's. The planets, Venus, Earth, and Mars have significant atmospheres while Mercury has almost none. The following diagram shows the approximate distance of the terrestrial planets to the Sun.

Inner Planets

Jovian Planets The Jovian Planets

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are known as the Jovian (Jupiter-like) planets, because they are all gigantic compared with Earth, and they have a gaseous nature like Jupiter's. The Jovian planets are also referred to as the gas giants, although some or all of them might have small solid cores. The following diagram shows the approximate distance of the Jovian planets to the Sun.

Outer Planets

Solar System Animation

Views of the Solar System
Milky Way Our Milkyway Galaxy
This image of our galaxy, the Milky Way, was taken with NASA's Cosmic Background Explorer's (COBE) Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE). This never-before-seen view shows the Milky Way from an edge-on perspective with the galactic north pole at the top, the south pole at the bottom and the galactic center at the center. The picture combines images obtained at several near-infrared wavelengths. Stars within our galaxy are the dominant source of light at these wavelengths. Even though our solar system is part of the Milky Way, the view looks distant because most of the light comes from the population of stars that are closer to the galactic center than our own Sun. (Courtesy NASA)

Our Milky Way Gets a Makeover Our Milky Way Gets a Makeover
Like early explorers mapping the continents of our globe, astronomers are busy charting the spiral structure of our galaxy, the Milky Way. Using infrared images from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, scientists have discovered that the Milky Way's elegant spiral structure is dominated by just two arms wrapping off the ends of a central bar of stars. Previously, our galaxy was thought to possess four major arms.
This artist's concept illustrates the new view of the Milky Way, along with other findings presented at the 212th American Astronomical Society meeting in St. Louis, Mo. The galaxy's two major arms (Scutum-Centaurus and Perseus) can be seen attached to the ends of a thick central bar, while the two now-demoted minor arms (Norma and Sagittarius) are less distinct and located between the major arms. The major arms consist of the highest densities of both young and old stars; the minor arms are primarily filled with gas and pockets of star-forming activity.
The artist's concept also includes a new spiral arm, called the "Far-3 kiloparsec arm," discovered via a radio-telescope survey of gas in the Milky Way. This arm is shorter than the two major arms and lies along the bar of the galaxy.
Our sun lies near a small, partial arm called the Orion Arm, or Orion Spur, located between the Sagittarius and Perseus arms. (Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech)

Andromeda Spiral Galaxy, NGC 4414
The majestic galaxy, NGC 4414, is located 60 million light-years away. Like the Milky Way, NGC 4414 is a giant spiral-shaped disk of stars, with a bulbous central hub of older yellow and red stars. The outer spiral arms are considerably bluer due to ongoing formation of young, blue stars, the brightest of which can be seen individually at the high resolution provided by the Hubble camera. The arms are also very rich in clouds of interstellar dust, seen as dark patches and streaks silhouetted against the starlight. (Courtesy NASA/STSCI)

Planet Obliquity Obliquity of the Eight Planets
This illustration shows the obliquity of the eight planets. Obliquity is the angle between a planet's equatorial plane and its orbital plane. By International Astronomical Union (IAU) convention, a planet's north pole lies above the ecliptic plane. By this convention, Venus, Uranus, and Pluto have a retrograde rotation, or a rotation that is in the opposite direction from the other planets. (Copyright 2008 by Calvin J. Hamilton)

Solar System The Solar System
During the past three decades a myriad of space explorers have escaped the confines of planet Earth and have set out to discover our planetary neighbors. This picture shows the Sun and all nine planets of the solar system as seen by the space explorers. Starting at the top-left corner is the Sun followed by the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. (Copyright 1998 by Calvin J. Hamilton)

Solar System Sun and Planets
This image shows the Sun and nine planets approximately to scale. The order of these bodies are: Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. (Copyright Calvin J. Hamilton)

Jovian Planets Jovian Planets
This image shows the Jovian planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune approximately to scale. The Jovian planets are named because of their gigantic Jupiter-like appearance. (Copyright Calvin J. Hamilton)

Largest moons and smallest planets The Largest Moons and Smallest Planets
This image shows the relative sizes of the largest moons and the smallest planets in the solarsystem. The largest satellites pictured in this image are: Ganymede (5262 km), Titan (5150 km), Callisto (4806 km), Io (3642 km), the Moon (3476 km), Europa (3138 km), Triton (2706 km), and Titania (1580 km). Both Ganymede and Titan are larger than planet Mercury followed by Io, the Moon, Europa, and Triton which are larger than the planet Pluto. (Copyright Calvin J. Hamilton)

Solar System Diagram of Portrait Frames
On February 14, 1990, the cameras of Voyager 1 pointed back toward the Sun and took a series of pictures of the Sun and the planets, making the first ever "portrait" of our solar system as seen from the outside. This image is a diagram of how the frames for the solar system portrait were taken. (Courtesy NASA/JPL)

Solar System All Frames from the Family Portrait
This image shows the series of pictures of the Sun and the planets taken on February 14, 1990, for the solar system family portrait as seen from the outside. In the course of taking this mosaic consisting of a total of 60 frames, Voyager 1 made several images of the inner solar system from a distance of approximately 6.4 billion kilometers (4 billion miles) and about 32° above the ecliptic plane. Thirty-nine wide angle frames link together six of the planets of our solar system in this mosaic. Outermost Neptune is 30 times further from the Sun than Earth. Our Sun is seen as the bright object in the center of the circle of frames. The insets show the planets magnified many times. (Courtesy NASA/JPL)

Solar System Portrait of the Solar System
These six narrow-angle color images were made from the first ever "portrait" of the solar system taken by Voyager 1, which was more than 6.4 billion kilometers (4 billion miles) from Earth and about 32° above the ecliptic. Mercury is too close to the Sun to be seen. Mars was not detectable by the Voyager cameras due to scattered sunlight in the optics, and Pluto was not included in the mosaic because of its small size and distance from the Sun. These blown-up images, left to right and top to bottom are Venus, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. (Courtesy NASA/JPL)


Sun and Planet Summary
The following table lists statistical information for the Sun and planets:


Distance
(AU)
Radius
(Earth's)
Mass
(Earth's)
Rotation
(Earth's)
# Moons
Orbital
Inclination
Orbital
Eccentricity
Obliquity
Density
(g/cm3)
Sun
0
109
332,800
25-36*
9
---
---
---
1.410
Mercury
0.39
0.38
0.05
58.8
0
7
0.2056
0.1°
5.43
Venus
0.72
0.95
0.89
244
0
3.394
0.0068
177.4°
5.25
Earth
1.0
1.00
1.00
1.00
1
0.000
0.0167
23.45°
5.52
Mars
1.5
0.53
0.11
1.029
2
1.850
0.0934
25.19°
3.95
Jupiter
5.2
11
318
0.411
16
1.308
0.0483
3.12°
1.33
Saturn
9.5
9
95
0.428
18
2.488
0.0560
26.73°
0.69
Uranus
19.2
4
17
0.748
15
0.774
0.0461
97.86°
1.29
Neptune
30.1
4
17
0.802
8
1.774
0.0097
29.56°
1.64
Pluto
39.5
0.18
0.002
0.267
1
17.15
0.2482
119.6°
2.03
* The Sun's period of rotation at the surface varies from approximately 25 days at the equator to 36 days at the poles. Deep down, below the convective zone, everything appears to rotate with a period of 27 days.
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The History of Intel Processors

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Intel Pentium II Xeon: Image Courtesy of Intel Corporation
Intel was one of the pioneering Microprocessor manufacturers when it created the 4004 processor in 1971. This was followed by the 8080 processor in the late 70's, which was developed into the 8086 and 8088 processors in 1979. It was only when, in 1981 IBM selected the 8086 processor for its new Personal Computer, the IBM PC, did the Intel processor design gain its opportunity to be used widely.
The Intel 8086/8088 range of processors were based upon Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) which allows the number of bytes per instruction to vary according to the instruction being processed. This is unlike Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) which has fixed length instructions (typically set at 32 bits each). The architechture pioneered by Intel has become known as "x86" due to the early naming system where processors were called 8086, 80186 (not used in PC's), 80286, 80386, and 80486.
In 1982 Intel introduced the 80286 (or 286) processor. This featured significant enhancements over the 8086/8088 line, mainly by introducing protected mode and the ability to address up to 16 megabytes of memory. The 286 processor was used in the IBM XT range.
1985 saw the introduction of the 80386 (or 386), which was the first processor to use 32 bit addressing, allowing it to utilise up to 4 Gigabytes of memory. A cut down version of the 386 known as the 386SX was introduced which had a lower memory throughput, as it could only access 16 megabytes of memory. The 386 processor was manufactured in many different versions and ran at speeds from 16 Mhz through to 40 Mhz.
The 80486 processor family was introduced in 1989. It featured little enhancements over than the 386 other than the fact that it had more transistors and could run at higher clock speeds. Like its predecessor the 386, the 486 was offered in budget (486 SX, minus the math co-processor) and standard (486 DX) versions. The 486 initially ran at clock speeds of 25 MHz (SX only) and 33 MHz. As it was developed the 486 was enhanced with a clock doubled processor core (486 DX-2) allowing it to run at speeds of 50, 66 and 75 MHz, and then tripled (DX-4) which ran up to 100 MHz.
1993 saw the introduction of the Pentium processor, first at speeds of 60 and 66 MHz. This was the first Intel processor not to use the x86 naming system. This processor was enhanced with MMX instructions in January 1997 and ran up to speeds of 233 Mhz.
Intel's 6th generation processor was introduced as the Pentium Pro in 1995. This ran at speeds of 166, 180 and 200 MHz. What was significant was the integration of the processors 2nd level cache memory onto the processor module itself. This processor was enhanced with MMX instructions in 1997 with its development into the Pentium II. This marked a departure for Intel as it moved away from the old socket method of mounting processors with the introduction of Slot 1. The Pentium II runs at speeds from 233 to 450 MHz. 1998 saw the development of this familiy into the Celeron and Xeon families for the budget and server/workstation markets respectively.
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